KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG MOTHERS OF NEWBORN BABIES AT CIVIL HOSPITAL SUKKUR

Abstract

Objective: To assess the knowledge and practices of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of newborn babies at the Civil Hospital, Sukkur. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Civil Hospital Sukkur, from 1^st May to 31^st October, 2024, using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. It included mothers of newborns visiting the pediatric outpatient department for routine checkups, vaccinations, or illness. Mothers unwilling to participate, with medical contraindications to breastfeeding, or with adopted children were excluded. Data were collected using a pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire with 18 questions: 11 on breastfeeding knowledge and 7 on practices. Each correct response earned one point. Knowledge scores were categorized as good (8-11), fair (4-7), or poor (0-3); practice scores as good (5-7), fair (3-4), or poor (0-2) [Annexure- A & B]. Demographic data, including maternal age, number of children, infant’s age, weight, length, and vaccination status, were recorded. Weight and height were measured using a Camry analog scale and stadiometer. Socioeconomic status was assessed per the Pakistan Social and Living Measurement Survey. Results: A total of 100 mothers were enrolled in the study. The average maternal age was 26.90 ± 5.99 years. Breastfeeding knowledge was poor in 44%, fair in 30%, and good in 26%. Practices were good in 34%, fair in 35%, and poor in 31%. Urban mothers showed a non-significant trend toward better knowledge (p=0.056). A significant link existed between occupation and knowledge (p=0.039), favoring working women. Education (p=0.004) and socioeconomic status (p=0.045) were also significantly associated with knowledge. No significant relationship existed for family structure or delivery mode. Regarding practices, housewives showed better outcomes (p=0.022). Education significantly influenced practices (p=0.018), while place of residence, family structure, delivery mode, and socioeconomic status did not show significant effects. Overall, education and occupation strongly influenced both knowledge and practices related to breastfeeding. Conclusion: The findings highlight the influence of maternal education, occupation, and socioeconomic status on breastfeeding knowledge and practices. Consistent with existing literature, the results emphasize the need for multilevel, community-based interventions addressing educational disparities among working and stay-at-home mothers across all income groups. Additionally, cultural factors and modes of delivery warrant further investigation to develop comprehensive, locally tailored strategies to improve breastfeeding outcomes.