FREQUENCY AND OUTCOME OF MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME (MISC) IN LOCAL SETTINGS OF UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRY

Abstract

Background: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a severe condition associated with COVID-19, characterized by widespread inflammation affecting multiple organs. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence, clinical presentation, and outcomes of MIS-C in children in an underdeveloped country setting. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Ittefaq Trust Hospital, Lahore, from December 2024 to February 2025. A total of 210 children aged 1-15 years, presenting with fever or other inflammatory symptoms, were enrolled using non-probability, consecutive sampling. MIS-C diagnosis was based on the involvement of two or more inflammatory processes. Results: Of the 210 children, 8% were diagnosed with MIS-C. The most common symptoms included fever (100%), cough (60%), and abdominal pain (40%). Gastrointestinal (53%), cardiovascular (47%), and respiratory (41%) systems were the most affected in MIS-C cases. Severe outcomes were observed, with 35% requiring ICU admission, 18% needing inotropic support, and 24% requiring oxygen therapy. Stratification by age, gender, and socioeconomic status revealed significant associations with the severity of MIS-C, with children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and older age groups more likely to experience severe outcomes. Conclusions: MIS-C poses a significant health threat to children in underdeveloped regions, with critical care needs that highlight the importance of early diagnosis and timely intervention.