SKIN CANCER - PAST-PRESENT AND FUTURE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Skin cancer consists of three major types referred to as Squamous cell carcinoma, Melanoma and Basal cell carcinoma. At present, there is no such applicable and investigated technique for understanding pathophysiology as well as the key biomolecules for the purpose of diagnosis of skin cancer at the level of metagenomics. The key driving mutations that are associated with the progression of this disease are the mutations in the MAPK cascade followed by the mutations in the BRAF gene, this gene is altered at the deepest level along with the loss of function of the tumor suppressor gene, P53 and these two proteins can be used to engineer novel therapeutics against the disease. For the characterization and identification of the key, common molecules researchers are utilizing a new technique, Genetic expression profiling, to understand the types of skin cancer at the molecular level. This method, in combination with the traditional one, allows clinicians to assess the risk in the patients that are susceptible to this disease. By utilization of this technique researchers can identify key patterns of mutations and alterations in skin due to which the cancer metastasizes, and this can also lead towards the development of novel targeted approaches that limit the adverse reaction of the so-called chemotherapeutics. Various efforts and collaborations have been made across the globe to counter skin cancer and hence, in the development of personalized and cost-effective approaches for treating skin cancer.