PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AMONG SMARTPHONE GAMING ENTHUSIASTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain has become increasingly common among people who spend long hours using screens, especially those who play games on smartphones. This kind of gaming often leads to poor posture, like bending the neck, leaning the head forward, and holding the phone tightly for extended periods. Unlike watching videos or scrolling passively, smartphone gaming involves constant interaction and muscle use, which can build up stress on the body and lead to ongoing pain or discomfort.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among individuals who frequently engage in smartphone gaming.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2025 among smartphone gamers aged 17 to 28 years, selected through non-probability convenience sampling. The required sample size of 203 participants was calculated using OpenEpi software. Data were collected using validated assessment tools, including the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results: Among 203 participants, 63% were male and right-handed, with 48.3% aged between 19–23 years. MSK pain was commonly reported, including neck pain (54.7%), shoulder pain (51.7%), and lower back pain (60.1%) in the past year. Over 61% experienced recent (7-day) symptoms, and 41.9% reported moderate pain, often starting within 30 minutes of gaming. Postural issues such as forward head posture (56.7%), rounded shoulders (57.1%), and wrist discomfort (58.1%) were prevalent.

Conclusion: Musculoskeletal pain is prevalent among smartphone gamers due to poor posture and prolonged gaming. Preventive strategies, such as ergonomic education, posture correction, and regular breaks, are essential.