NATURAL BIOACTIVES AND LIVER INTEGRITY: A REVIEW OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE AGENTS

Abstract

The liver performs essential biological functions such as detoxification, nutrient metabolism, and the synthesis of vital proteins, making it a critical organ for overall health. Due to its metabolic activity and exposure to toxins, the liver is highly susceptible to injury, resulting in conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease, and drug- induced hepatotoxicity. While conventional treatments exist, they are often limited by side effects and long-term risks, prompting increased interest in safer alternatives.

Nutraceuticals—naturally occurring compounds found in food—have shown potential in supporting liver health and mitigating hepatic damage.

This review begins with a general overview of liver function and the pathogenesis of common liver disorders, especially NAFLD. It then discusses several nutraceutical agents that have demonstrated hepatoprotective effects. Among these, silymarin (derived from milk thistle) exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and membrane-stabilizing properties.

Polyphenols, found in a variety of plant-based foods, help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Licorice root extract contributes to liver protection by modulating enzyme activity and enhancing antioxidant defense. Betaine, a compound involved in methylation, has been shown to support lipid metabolism and improve liver function, particularly in fatty liver conditions.

Current evidence supports the use of these nutraceuticals as complementary therapies for liver disorders. However, standardized clinical studies are needed to confirm their efficacy, optimal dosing, and long-term safety. Incorporating such natural agents into routine hepatic care may offer a promising strategy for enhancing liver health and managing chronic liver diseases.