DEVELOPMENT OF NITRIC COMPOUND-BASED INHIBITORS FOR TARGETED CANCER THERAPY

Abstract

An increase in cancer, along with the reach of traditional therapies, inspires the creation of drugs that are more precise and less harmful to the body. Research has identified that certain nitric compound-based chemicals can influence cell death and oxidation only in cancer cells. On the other hand, stability, specificity and the way the drugs are released have all stopped them from being used widely in healthcare. The goal of this research was to develop and test new nitric compound inhibitors that target cancer cells. The goal of the research was to merge multiple types of compounds and study their effectiveness against cancer cells in the test tube. The study tested HT-29, A549, MCF-7, HeLa and PC3 cancer cells by treating them with synthesized substances and then checked for their toxicity, apoptosis, ROS production, caspase levels, change in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and expression of different apoptotic factors. Researchers used single-sample t-tests, summarized the results and checked for correlations using statistical methods. Study findings revealed that cell viability decreased (mean = 45.38%, p < 0.001), more apoptosis was observed (mean = 51.42%, p < 0.001) and ROS, caspase activity and MMP loss increased considerably (mean = 83.15%, p < 0.001, mean = 71.45%, p < 0.001, mean = 51.69%, p < 0.001, respectively). Results from correlation analysis showed that viability was negatively correlated with apoptosis (r = -0.77) and ROS (r = -0.78), demonstrating that the chemicals boost the apoptotic pathways. Based on the findings, nitric compound-based inhibitors trigger apoptosis specifically in cancer cells by increasing oxidative stress and breaking mitochondria, though they do little harm to normal cells. Therefore, nitric compounds seem capable of being reliable therapies and more testing in patients and animals should be done to ensure their proper use in cancer treatment.