FROM HOPE TO REALITY: THE JOURNEY AND FUTURE OF IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION – A REVIEW

Abstract

In-vitro fertilization (IVF) offers new hope for couples facing infertility challenges. Since its invention in 1978, over 2 million babies have been born through IVF, with approximately 12 million babies born each year using IVF and other assisted reproductive technologies. The history of IVF dates back to 1903 but culminated in the successful live birth of Louise Brown in 1978. IVF involves several complex steps, but it does not require surgery. The procedure takes into account the female’s natural cycle to retrieve eggs. Sperm is collected and allowed to fertilize an egg in a laboratory setting. Finally, a healthy embryo is implanted in the woman’s uterus. Despite the advancements in IVF, Pakistan still faces significant infertility issues, with a reported rate of 21%. Contributing factors include a lack of awareness about IVF and its unaffordability. Additionally, various complications and health risk factors are associated with the process. Nevertheless, IVF has a significant impact on reducing infertility rates globally. It has been declared legal by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and is endorsed by religious scholars for use exclusively by married couples.