ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF MATERNAL RENAL ARTERY AND FETAL UMBILICAL ARTERY DOPPLER IN PREGNANT WOMEN OF GESTATION AGE IN BETWEEN 13 TO 40 WEEKS WITH OR WITHOUT OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS

Abstract

Background: Oligohydramnios is state designated as decline in the volume of amniotic fluid for gestational age primarily cause by impediment in fetus,maternal body and placenta.This condition may leads toward growth restriction ,labor complicacy  and impairment in lung functionality its prevalence is more than 4 percent in term pregnancies. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluated Doppler indices of the maternal renal artery and fetal umbilical artery in pregnant women with and without oligohydraminos. Material & Method: Study was conducted at Gillani Ultrasound Center, Pakistan. Fifty participants were recruited using purposive sampling, excluding those with critical illnesses, diabetes, hypertension, or a history of congenital anomalies. The amniotic fluid index (AFI) criteria for Oligohydramnios were defined as AFI ≤5 cm, vertical pockets ≤2 cm, or <10th centile. Doppler ultrasound, performed using a Toshiba Xario 100 with a 5-7 MHz convex probe, measured Resistance Index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI), and Systolic/Diastolic (S/D) ratio. Data was analyzed using SPSS 27.0, with statistical tests confirming significant differences in Doppler indices between normal and Oligohydramnios groups (p < 0.05).  Results: While Comparing of Doppler parameters (RI, PI, and S/D ratio) of the renal and umbilical arteries under normal and oligohydramnios conditions it was seen that renal Artery showed significantly higher mean values for RI (0.625 vs. 0.575), PI (1.475 vs. 1.200), and S/D ratio (2.975 vs. 2.500) in oligohydramnios. Similarly, the Umbilical Artery had elevated RI (0.865 vs. 0.705), PI (2.075 vs. 1.600), and S/D ratio (4.075 vs. 3.488). T-tests confirmed these differences as statistically significant, with p-values well below 0.05. These results emphasize the hemodynamic alterations in both arteries during oligohydramnios, with more pronounced changes in the Umbilical Artery, highlighting its clinical relevance in monitoring fetal health. Conclusion: Notably, renal artery indices exhibited greater changes compared to umbilical artery indices. These findings underscore the impact of Oligohydramnios on maternal and fetal circulatory dynamics, highlighting the utility of Doppler assessments in monitoring pregnancy complications.