ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG EXPOSURE AND RISK OF CARBAPENEM RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA: A REVIEW

Abstract

This review examines the growing threat of Carbapenem-resistant 99 (CRKP), focusing on the role of antibacterial drug exposure in the emergence and spread of resistance. The review explores the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance, including the production of carbapenemases (e.g., KPC, NDM, OXA-48), as well as non-carbapenemase mechanisms like porin alterations and efflux  pump overexpression. Key findings highlight the significant contribution of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, particularly carbapenems, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones, in promoting resistance. It emphasizes the importance of optimizing antibiotic use through antimicrobial stewardship, implementing stringent infection control measures, and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Understanding how antibacterial drug exposure influences CRKP resistance is crucial for informing better treatment practices and global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.