FREQUENCY AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN YOUNG ADULTS: REVIEW ARTICLE

Abstract

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a significant yet under-diagnosed condition among young adults, with serious implications for haematological and neurological health. This review explores the frequency and clinical manifestations of Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia in individuals aged 18–35, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of its prevalence, symptomatically, and diagnostic challenges. A systematic review of literature published between 2000 and 2023 identified a prevalence range of 5% to 15% in diverse populations, with higher rates observed in regions where dietary Vitamin B12 intake is limited. Clinical presentations varied widely, with fatigue, glossitis, paraesthesia, and macrocytic anemia being the most commonly reported symptoms. Neurological manifestations, such as memory impairment and mood disturbances, were frequently observed, underscoring the multifaceted nature of the condition. The findings highlight the critical need for early diagnosis and intervention to prevent long-term complications. Enhanced awareness, targeted screening strategies, and further research into the role of dietary patterns and genetic predispositions are essential to addressing this prevalent health issue.