Abstract
Having specific physicochemical characteristics of nanometers, nanoparticle attracted much consideration in multiple fields such as pharmaceuticals, appliances, textile, and agriculture. Nanoparticles are being utilized in plant farming as nanofertilisers, bio stimulants and antimicrobials to improve agriculture yield and resistance to abiotic, and biotic stresses. Their application which involves foliar spraying and soil application has been linked with better agrochemical usage and contamination of the environment. Of note, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, compound nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles have been seen to have rather great effect in reducing the disease in plants. Though their use does have positive advantages, the introduction of nanoparticle in agricultural systems has a possibility of posing hazards to the ecosystem, edibles safety, and well-being. It is therefore essential to get a full picture of how nanoparticles are taken into plants, translocated and transformed. There are evidences that nanoparticles are taken up through the roots and leaves, but then they influence the physiological processes, but the mechanisms of these interactions are not fully comprehended. Factors like particle size, surface charge as well as chemical composition are very important parameters in determining how they are transported and distributed in plants. Besides, the phytotoxicity that might be caused by nanoparticle-plant interactions requires strict testing. The review summarizes the latest developments in using and biological interaction of nanoparticles in crops and referred to the necessity of sustainable methods to get as many benefits with fewer risks to reduce the liability.