NECK ELONGATION IN GIRAFFES: FOSSIL EVIDENCE AND EVOLUTIONARY THEORIES

Abstract

The evolution of the giraffe's elongated neck has been widely debated, with multiple theories proposed. This study examines key hypotheses, including natural selection for high browsing and sexual selection through male combat. The browsing hypothesis suggests giraffes evolved long necks to access higher foliage and reduce competition, while the "necks-for-sex" theory posits that male dominance battles drove elongation. Fossil records offer insights but contain gaps. Lamarckian and Darwinian perspectives highlight genetic inheritance and environmental pressures in shaping morphology. A synthesis of these theories suggests feeding advantages and competition both influenced giraffe neck evolution. Further research is needed to address unresolved questions on osteological and functional adaptations.