DETERMINATION OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION RATES IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC MELLITUS PATIENTS

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with a well-established association with cardiovascular diseases, particularly Myocardial Infarction (MI). The interplay between poor glycemic control, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular risk amplifies the need to assess and compare Myocardial Infarction incidence in diabetic and non-diabetic populations.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of myocardial infarction among diabetic and non-diabetic patients and to evaluate the association of lipid profile parameters between Myocardial Infarction and Diabetes Mellitus.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 264 patients in District Peshawar, comprising 168 diabetic and 96 non-diabetic individuals. Data were collected through Laboratory Analysis of patient’s HbA1c, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL), and cardiac markers (Troponin I, CK-MB). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Chi-square and independent t-tests were applied, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The incidence of Myocardial Infarction was significantly higher in diabetic patients (66.1%) compared to non-diabetics (44.8%) (p = 0.001). Diabetic individuals exhibited significantly higher levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL, alongside lower HDL levels. Atherogenic lipid patterns were strongly associated with the presence of Myocardial Infarction. Patients with MI had higher mean values of triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL compared to non-MI individuals, while HDL levels were slightly lower but not statistically significant.

Conclusion: This study found that persons with diabetes mellitus have a considerably greater chance of myocardial infarction than people without the disease. The findings are consistent with national and international literature, reinforcing the status of diabetes as a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diabetic patients not only presented more frequently with MI, but also exhibited more adverse biochemical profiles, including elevated LDL, triglycerides, and HbA1c levels, indicating poorer glycemic and lipid control